Computer-Implemented Systems and Methods for Providing an Out of Stock/Low Stock Alert

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods are provided for a low stock product display alert system. A system includes a pushing element configured to push one or more products toward a front of a shelf as a unit of the product is removed from the shelf. The system also includes an RFID component, where the RFID component is configured to be in a dormant state when the pushing element is in a first position. The system further includes an activation element configured to activate the RFID component when the pushing element is in a second position, where when activated, the RFID component is configured to emit a signal indicating that the product display is out of product.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/274,419, filed Oct. 17, 2011, which in turn claimed priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application 61/394,007, filed on Oct. 18, 2010, theentirety of both prior applications are herein incorporated byreference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This document relates generally to product tracking and morespecifically to product tracking using RFID components.

BACKGROUND

In retail environments, there are a variety of systems that mechanicallymove products so that they may be more easily seen and accessed bycustomers. These may be gravity fed, or have some sort of stored energy,such as a spring, which pushes product to the front of the display;hence these devices are frequently generically referred to as “pushers.”Though more expensive than simply depositing product on bare shelves andallowing customers to move items at their discretion, pushers arerapidly cost-justified for certain products by the resulting lift insales and reduced labor costs associated with restoring order to productthat has been “shopped.” Retailers are rapidly adopting pusher systemsand expanding their use within stores to include more product lines.

SUMMARY

In accordance with the teachings herein, systems and methods areprovided for a low stock product display alert system. A system includesa pushing element configured to push one or more products toward thefront of a shelf as a united of the product is removed from the shelf.The system also includes an RFID component, where the RFID component isconfigured to be in a dormant state when the pushing element is in afirst position. The system further includes an activation elementconfigured to activate the RFID component when the pushing element is ina second position, where when activated in the second position, the RFIDcomponent is configured to emit a signal indicating that the productdisplay is out of product.

As another example, a method of providing a product stock alert includesreceiving product in a pusher assembly, where the pusher assemblyincludes a pushing element configured to push one or more productstoward the front of a shelf along a track as a unit of product isremoved from the shelf. The method further includes activating an RFIDcomponent when the pushing element is in a activate position, where whenactivated, the RFID component is configured to emit a signal indicatingthat the pusher assembly is out of product, and where the RFID isinactive when the pusher assembly is in an inactive position.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 depicts a pusher assembly.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting a low stock product display alertsystem.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a low stock product display alert system in theform of a pusher assembly.

FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting a pusher assembly that contains no unitsof product.

FIG. 5 depicts a back view of pusher assembly having a pushing elementwith an RFID component attached.

FIG. 6 depicts a pushing element having an attached RFID component andreed switch activation element.

FIG. 7 depicts a bottom view of a pusher assembly track.

FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting a low stock product display alert systemin the form of a pusher assembly having multiple activation elements.

FIG. 9 is a diagram depicting a low stock product display alert systemin the form of a pusher assembly having multiple activation elements fordetecting half full and empty pusher assembly states.

FIG. 10 depicts a pusher assembly positioned on a shelf within a productenvironment.

FIGS. 11 and 12 depict an example embodiment for operating a productdisplay alert system in a product environment.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram depicting a multiplexed RFID componentconfiguration.

FIG. 14 depicts an infrared sensor product display alert system.

FIG. 15 depicts an example infrared sensor product display alert system.

FIG. 16 depicts a close up view of an infrared sensor product displaytransmitter/receiver.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 depicts a pusher assembly. A pusher assembly 100 (a “pusher”)mechanically moves products so that they may be more easily seen andaccessed by customers. Pusher assemblies have become very popularmechanisms for displaying products, with over 100 million being deployedworldwide. The pusher assembly 100 depicted in FIG. 1 is configured tohold deodorant products and push the deodorant products towards a frontportion 102 of the pusher assembly as units of the product are removedfrom the pusher assembly. The pushing function of the pusher assembly100 is provided by a pushing element 104. The pushing element 104 ispowered by a spring that stores energy provided when the pusher assemblyis loaded with units of the product. When product is added to the pusherassembly, the pushing element 104 is pushed back from the front portion102 of the pusher assembly. When the pushing element 104 is pushed backalong the track, the spring is coiled providing potential energy forpushing product towards the front portion 102 of the pusher assembly100.

Retailers know that much of the time some fraction of pushers aredepleted or void of product, resulting in a shortfall in sales comparedto what would have been possible with more ample stock. Some fraction ofthe empty pushers may be due to re-stocking personnel being unaware thatthe pushers are empty. Other times, a retail store may run out ofproduct entirely at the store location, such that the empty pusherscannot be refilled. Facilities upstream in the distribution system mayhave plenty of product to provide the retail store lacking product buthave no awareness that the retail store is running out or has run out ofproduct. It is commonly estimated that out-of-stocks (OOS) averagearound 10%, and fast-moving high-profile products suffer most. When acustomer encounters out-of-stock conditions on a product, not only dosales of that item suffer. Many times, the customer will shop elsewherefor that item, so sales of other items the customer would have bought inthe original retail store are also lost. If OOS conditions occur toofrequently, store loyalty erodes and future business from that customeris forfeited.

Lost sales due to out-of-stocks are estimated in billions of dollarsannually. In fast-moving categories where consumers typically purchasemultiples of a given item, having only one item on the shelf is almostas consequential. When low stock situations are factored in, theeconomic motivation to address replenishment deficiencies soars.

Additionally, overstocking can be a similarly costly issue, wherecapital is tied up in excess inventory and shelf space is suboptimallyused, crowding out items that could produce more profit or betterfulfill customer needs. A product display alert system may also be usedto identify pusher assemblies that are always full or never empty,identifying a potential suboptimal use of shelf space.

The product display alert system also helps identify from which displays(e.g., from a regular aisle, from an endcap display) sales are beingmade to identify poorly performing displays. It is common for retailersto place stock for a given item in multiple locations throughout thestore. In such cases, it is useful to know which locations have thegreatest contribution to sales. The monitoring system described hereincan address those questions and allow inventory to be better balancedacross various locations. This is especially useful if some locationsare more expensive to maintain than others (e.g., soda in a cooler ismuch more expensive to maintain than an open-air gondola or endcap).

FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting a low stock product display alertsystem. A number of pusher assemblies 202 are positioned within an area,such as on shelves in a retail store. Each of the pusher assembliesincludes an activation element 204 that monitors an amount of productpresent within the pusher assembly. The activation element 204 providesa signal to a radio frequency identification (RFID) component 206 thattransmits product inventory data, such as a pusher assemblyidentification and a stock level to an RFID reader 208 in communicationwith an inventory monitor engine 210.

The inventory monitor engine 210 tracks inventory data received from thepusher assemblies 202 and may use the received data for a variety ofpurposes including generating inventory reports 212, product orders 214,and refill notifications 216. Reports 212 may be used by management toanalyze an amount of inventory held, such as at a retail store location.Too much inventory held is detrimental to profitability of a company,while too little inventory results in OOS conditions that can also bedetrimental. Thus, proper inventory management can be a key player incompany success. The inventory monitor engine 210 may also be configuredto automatically order product when inventory of that product has runout or is low at a location. Such a feature may be especially valuablein a retail store having a large number (e.g., thousands) of stockkeeping units (SKUs), where individual monitoring of SKU inventorylevels by a human becomes substantially burdensome. The inventorymonitor engine 210 may also be configured to provide refillnotifications 216 that identify a pusher assembly 202 that is runninglow on or has run out of product. Such refill notifications 216 may beprovided to appropriate personnel to ensure fast product refills,minimizing OOS conditions.

The activation element 204 may operate in a variety of manners. Forexample, the activation element 204 may operate in an on-off fashionbased on whether any product is present within the pusher assembly. Whenno product is present in the pusher assembly 202, the activation element204 may activate the RFID component 206, instructing the RFID component206 to transmit a pusher identification associated with that pusherassembly 202, notifying the inventory monitor engine 210 that the pusherassembly 202 is empty.

The activation element 204 may also operate on a more refined scale,where one or more additional inventory levels of the pusher assembly 202are tracked. For example, the pusher activation element 204 may directthe RFID component 206 to transmit a pusher identification and stocklevel value to the inventory monitor engine when the pusher assembly 202is 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% full. An activation element 204 may track otherproduct levels as well, in some implementations tracking and directingtransmission of an exact amount of product present in the pusherassembly.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a low stock product display alert system in theform of a pusher assembly. The pusher assembly includes a pushingelement 302 configured to push units of product 304 toward a frontportion 306 of a shelf along a track 308 as units of the product 304 areremoved from the shelf. An RFID component 310 is attached to the back ofthe pushing element 302. The RFID component 310 is activated by theclosing of a magnetic reed switch 312 that is also attached to the backof the pushing element 302. The depiction of FIG. 3 shows the pushingelement in a first position, where the RFID is in a dormant state basedon the open circuit created by the reed switch. The magnetic reed switch312 is closed and the RFID component 310 is activated when the pushingelement 302 is in a second position in an empty pusher assembly, wherethe magnetic reed switch 312 is aligned over a magnet 314.

FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting a pusher assembly that contains no unitsof product. In FIG. 4, a pushing element 402 has reached the frontportion 404 of the pusher assembly, where all units of the product havebeen removed from the pusher assembly. Upon reaching the secondposition, the reed switch 406 and the magnet 407 are aligned, such thatthe reed switch 406 is closed. The closed reed switch 406 activates theRFID component 408 to transmit an out of stock signal 410 to an RFIDreader. The transmitted signal 410 may include an identifier value ofthe pusher assembly so that an inventory monitor engine can track whichpusher assembly is empty and react appropriately. The transmitted signal410 may include an indicator identifying that the pusher is out ofproduct, or such an indication may be understood without the indicatorbased on the on-off nature of the depicted pusher assemblyconfiguration.

The RFID component 408 may be configured to transmit data according to anumber of protocols. For example, the RFID component 408 may beconfigured to transmit a signal only when the reed switch 406 is closed,identifying that the pusher assembly is out of product. The RFIDcomponent 408 may transmit such an out of stock signal one time,multiple times, or periodically until the pusher assembly is refilled.

Such a configuration may offer extensive battery life. For example, thereed switch 406 may disconnect the RFID component 408 from a batterywhen in an open state. Thus, the RFID component 408 is only active andtransmitting when the pusher assembly is out of product. Alternatively,the RFID component 408 may periodically transmit a stock amount for thepusher assembly, transitioning to an out of stock amount when the reedswitch 406 and the magnet are aligned. In addition to a stock amount, anRFID component 408 may transmit a counter value that identifies a periodof time that the RFID component has been transmitting (e.g., a period oftime during which a pusher assembly is out of stock). As anotheralternative, the RFID component 408 may be a passive tag that transmitsin response to a received polling signal, wherein the contents of theresponse are based on the position of the pushing element 402.

The RFID component 408 may be implemented in a variety of forms. Forexample, the RFID component 408 may be a passive tag (e.g., Higgs orMonza EPC tags provided by Alien Technologies or Impinj, respectively),a battery assisted tag (e.g., PowerID's Power G tags or GoliathSolution's beacon backscatter tag), or an active tag (e.g., thosecommercially available through GAORFID or Verayo or using basic chipsetssuch as those provided by Microchip, Raflatac, and Texas Instruments).

FIG. 5 depicts a back view of pusher assembly having a pushing elementwith an RFID component attached. The pushing element 502 pushes products504 toward the front of a shelf as units of the product are removed fromthe shelf. An RFID component 506 is attached to the back of the pushingelement 502. One or more activation elements are configured to activatethe RFID component 506 when the pushing element reaches a secondposition when no units of the product 504 are present in the pusherassembly.

FIG. 6 depicts a pushing element having an attached RFID component andreed switch activation element. A pushing element 602 is shown detachedfrom a track and other elements of a pusher assembly. An RFID component604 is attached to the back of the pushing element 602. The RFIDcomponent includes an RFID tag 606 that is configured to emit a signalindicating that a product display is out of product or other productinventory information. The RFID tag 606 is powered by a battery 608. TheRFID component is controlled via a magnetic reed switch 610 thatmaintains or disconnects a connection between the RFID tag 606 and thebattery 608. When the magnetic reed switch 610 is closed, such as whenthe magnetic reed switch 610 is aligned with a magnet, the connectionbetween the RFID tag 606 and battery 608 is made so that the RFID tagcan transmit inventory information and otherwise function. When the reedswitch 610 is open, the connection between the RFID tag 606 and thebattery 608 is broken, such that the RFID tag 606 is unable to transmitinventory information, and the RFID tag 606 resides in a dormant state.

FIG. 7 depicts a bottom view of a pusher assembly track. A magnet 702 isaffixed to the bottom of the track at a front portion 704 of the pusherassembly. The magnet 702 activates an RFID component to transmitinventory information to an inventory monitor engine. For example, themagnet 702 may close a reed switch when the reed switch is aligned overthe magnet 702, in turn connecting a battery to an RFID tag of the RFIDcomponent activating the RFID tag to transmit inventory data. To speedinstallation, the magnet 702 may be affixed to the top or side of atrack 704. In such cases, inventory would not have to be removed forinstallation.

FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting a low stock product display alert systemin the form of a pusher assembly having multiple activation elements.The pusher assembly includes a pushing element 802 that carries an RFIDcomponent 804 and a magnetic reed switch activation element 806. Thepushing element 802 pushes units of product 808 along a track 810 asunits of the product 808 are removed from the pusher assembly.

The pusher assembly of FIG. 8 includes a number of activation elements812 in the form of magnets configured to interact with the magnetic reedswitch 806 and activate the RFID component 804. The multiple activationelements 812 can enable the RFID component 804 to transmit inventoryinformation to an inventory monitor engine at a higher degree ofresolution than certain single activation element configurationsdescribed above. In the example of FIG. 8, each of the activationelements 812 is associated with a different level of inventory in thepusher assembly. When the magnetic reed switch 806 is aligned over aparticular activation element, the reed switch 806 is closed to aparticular position associated with that activation element (e.g.,different strength magnets may be associated with different activationelements, activating the reed switch 806 to a particular state). Basedon the state of activation of the reed switch 806, the RFID component iscommanded to transmit a pusher assembly identifier and an associatedstock level to the inventory monitor engine.

The multiple activation element configuration of FIG. 8 can providestock level data at a variety of resolutions. For example, the RFIDcomponent may be directed to transmit data when the pusher assembly ishalf full, one quarter full, and empty. In another example, theactivation elements 812 may be set at a single product unit resolution,such that the RFID component 804 transmits a signal that can beassociated with an exact or approximate count of the number of units ofproduct 808 in the pusher assembly.

FIG. 9 is a diagram depicting a low stock product display alert systemin the form of a pusher assembly having multiple activation elements fordetecting half full and empty pusher assembly states. The pusherassembly includes a pushing element 902 that carries an RFID component904 and a magnetic reed switch activation element 906. The pushingelement 902 pushes units of product 908 along a track 910 as units ofthe product 908 are removed from the pusher assembly.

The pusher assembly of FIG. 9 includes two activation elements 912configured to interact with the magnetic reed switch 906 to activate theRFID component 904. The activation elements 912 are positioned toactivate the RFID component 904 when the pusher assembly is half fulland empty. When activated, the RFID component may broadcast a pusherassembly identification signal as well as a stock level (e.g., half fullor empty). Alternatively, a pusher identification signal may betransmitted alone, where the inventory monitor engine recognizes thepusher assembly as half full upon receipt of a first signal from thepusher assembly and empty upon receipt of a second signal from thepusher assembly.

Configurations, such as that of FIGS. 8 and 9, that can track stocklevels at more than an empty/full resolution can be useful inapplications beyond product unit refilling. For example, a productdisplay alert system may also or alternatively provide theft monitoringservices. There is typically a trade-off between securing expensivemerchandise against theft and making it accessible to honest customersto facilitate sales. One consequential loss occurs when a thief “sweeps”all the remaining merchandise into a container that is shielded to makedetection of the items difficult (e.g., a foil-lined bag that defeatsRF-based detection at store exits). A detection of a single pusherassembly going rapidly from a large-stock reading to an out-of-stockcondition across the various activation element trigger points providesan alert to store management that a possible theft is in progress. Ifthieves can be detected/confronted before they leave the store, then theprobability of sweeps declines.

As another example, a theft-reduction system could allow customers toopen a door to get merchandise. When the door is opened, a switchactivates a proximal speaker system that announces the door is opened,and if it remains open beyond a certain period, the speaker advises thatit has been left open longer than expected. In one configuration, thatswitch also enables a tag to be transmit, sending an alert to storepersonnel who may be unable to hear the audible warning. (e.g., avibrating pager that is held by either a manager or a security guard).

As another example, one of the activation element trigger points may beconfigured to detect unscrupulous consumer behavior. Among the triggerpoints on a pusher assembly that may be set with a monitoring trigger isthe “locked” (i.e., fully cocked) position often used during restockingWhen a pusher remains in that position beyond a certain period of time,an alert is generated to indicate that a thief may be trying to defeatthe system by securing the pusher in the locked position. Duringlegitimate restocking periods, personnel can disable the “lock” alertsthrough software that automatically resumes monitoring after a certainperiod.

In addition to the embodiments described above, a product display alertsystem may be implemented in a variety of other forms andconfigurations. FIG. 10 depicts a pusher assembly positioned on a shelfwithin a product environment. Certain product environments may offerchallenges in propagating RFID signals. For example, a product displayalert system may be placed within a refrigerator or freezer case, whereRFID signals transmitted within the product environment 1002 may bedifficult to detect outside of the product environment 1002. Theconfiguration of FIG. 10 addresses this concern by including an antennaor reader 1004 within the product environment 1002, such that metalsides, liquid in products, or other interference agents provided by theproduct environment 1002 are mitigated. The pusher assembly transmits asignal (e.g., an out of stock signal when a pushing element 1006 reachesa front portion 1008 of the pusher assembly track 1010). The signal isreceived by the antenna or reader 1004 and transmitted to the inventorymonitor engine (e.g., via a wired coaxial connection or via a wirelessconnection having a transmitting antenna) outside of the productenvironment.

FIGS. 11 and 12 depict another example embodiment for operating aproduct display alert system in a product environment. As noted withrespect to FIG. 10, certain product environments offer challenges toRFID tracking systems. FIGS. 11 and 12 offer another example solution tothose challenges. In this example, a pusher assembly located within aproduct environment 1102 includes a pushing element 1104 configured topush units of product 1106 toward the front of a shelf along a track1108. A magnet 1110 is attached to the back of the pushing element 1104and functions as an activation element. A reed switch 1112 is attachedto the bottom, top, or side of the pusher assembly track 1108.

The pusher assembly is configured such that the reed switch 1112 isactivated when the magnet 1110 is aligned overhead, such as when thepusher assembly is void of product. When the magnetic reed switch 1112is activated and closed, a signal is transmitted to an RFID component1114 positioned outside of the product environment. Because the RFIDcomponent 1114 is located outside of the product environment 1102, theRFID component 1114 is able to transmit while avoiding interferencepresent inside of the product environment 1102. In FIG. 11, the pushingelement is in a first position, where the magnet 1110 and reed switch1112 are not aligned, and the RFID component 1114 is in a dormant state.FIG. 12 depicts the pusher assembly in a second position where themagnet 1110 and the reed switch 1112 are aligned, wherein the closedreed switch 1112 activates the RFID component 1114 to transmit data(e.g., pusher identification data, stock level data) when the pusherassembly holds no units of product.

An RFID component, such as the RFID component depicted in FIGS. 11 and12, may be associated with a single product display alert system (e.g.,one pusher assembly) or may be multiplexed to multiple product displayalert systems. In some implementations, the inclusion of RFID signaltransmitting hardware for each product display alert system may becomeredundant. Thus, costs may be reduced by routing product level trackingsignals for multiple product display alert systems through a signal RFIDcomponent.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram depicting a multiplexed RFID componentconfiguration. The configuration includes a plurality of pusherassemblies 1302. Each of the pusher assemblies 1302 includes a mechanismfor tracking an amount of product present in that pusher assembly 1302.When a pusher assembly 1302 reaches a tracking point where a signal isto be transmitted to the inventory monitor engine, the pusher assembly1302 provides a signal to the RFID component 1304. The signal from thepusher assembly 1302 to the RFID component 1304 may include anidentification of the particular pusher assembly 1302 requesting thetransmission with an identification of a stock level to be identified asbeing present in the pusher assembly 1302. The RFID component 1304relays the signal received from the pusher assembly 1302 or a processedversion of the data received from the pusher assembly 1302 to an antenna1306 that forwards the received data to the inventory monitor engine.

A multiplexed RFID component configuration may be useful in a variety ofapplications. For example, a multiplexed component configuration couldbe used in the example of FIGS. 11 and 12, where the RFID component 1114is physically separate from the pusher assembly. Because some wiring isnecessary to connect the reed switch 1112 to the RFID component 1114,little extra installation work is necessary to connect multiple reedswitches 1112 to a multiplexed RFID component 1114.

As another example, a multiplexed implementation can be incorporatedinto shelf units for ease in installation, where multiple pusherassemblies 1302 are attached to a shelf and connected to a multiplexedRFID component 1304. The shelf can be installed, moved, and removed asappropriate without a requirement for additional configuration of theproduct display alert system tracking system.

As another example, a multiplexed configuration may also be useful inapplications where the product display alert systems are small and notamenable to the incorporation of RFID transmission hardware. Forexample, product display alert systems may be incorporated into alipstick dispensing display at a department store. An activation elementmay be incorporated into each dispensing element of the display.However, the incorporation of RFID transmission hardware into eachdispensing element may introduce difficulties in both installation timeand cost. By multiplexing the outputs of several of the dispensingelement activation elements to a single RFID component, significanttime, space, and hardware cost savings may be realized.

The magnet implementation for activating the RFID component may beimplemented in a variety of ways. One magnetic system employs a reedswitch. A reed switch includes a small, sealed device containing twoflexible magnetizable contacts, which are normally not in contact withone another. In the presence of a magnetic field, the contacts becomemagnetized by induction and can attract one another, causing them toclose. Such a switch may be incorporated by placing the switch on theRFID component tag and wiring it in series with the battery of abattery-assisted tag. The RFID component is placed on the pushingelement, and a small permanent magnet is placed on a fixed part of thepusher assembly track in such a location that the magnet will triggerthe reed switch at the alert point, allowing the RFID component toreceive battery power and to be read by a reader. With a small coverover the tag and switch on the paddle extender, monitoring becomes veryrobust and inconspicuous. A magnet-switch implementation can also beutilized for either passive or battery-assisted passive EPC tags withslight modification.

Another magnetic approach that can be utilized uses a Hall-effectdevice. A Hall-effect device is a small device that detects themagnitude of the magnetic field in its vicinity. The device requires asmall bias current, and the device is sensitive to stray magneticfields, including that of the earth itself. Such a configuration canutilize a battery-assisted tag with a large enough battery to supply theextra energy required to run the Hall-effect device for the requiredlife of the tag on the pusher.

In addition to the magnet/reed switch activation element configurationsdescribed above, many other mechanisms can be used for activating anRFID component for transmission of product level data. For example, in adirect/indirect contact implementation, a pushing element travels eitherdirectly over a set of contacts (direct) or pushes an apparatusconnected to a switch, such as a microswitch (indirect). In the directcase, the pushing element trails two contacts which normally rest on theplastic of the pusher track, which is non-conducting. Under thiscondition, the RFID reader receives no response from the RFID componentattached to the pusher. When the slider reaches an alert point, thecontacts move onto a conducting section, such as a piece of metal ormetalized tape. This contact connects the two contacts and causes theRFID component to enter an active mode where the RFID component can beread by an RFID reader or antenna. In a similar fashion, an indirectswitch can be closed when the pushing element moves into the appropriateposition.

In another example, a tilt-switch can provide the benefits of thedirect/indirect contact mentioned above. There are two common types oftilt switch. In one, a small conductive sphere is contained in a chamberwhich has two contacts at one end. These contacts are spaced apart lessthan the diameter of the sphere, such that if the sphere contacts them,it will complete a circuit between the two contacts. The chamber ismounted on a pivot, so that the sphere rolls to one end or the other asthe moving part of the pusher encounters some sort of mechanical trip.When the pushing element is in the non-alerting condition, the chamberis tilted such that the sphere is in the end away from the contacts.When the pushing element reaches the alert trip point, the chamber tiltsand the sphere rolls to the other end, completing the circuit andallowing the RFID component to start alerting. In another kind of tiltswitch, the sphere is replaced by a small droplet of mercury. Themercury can roll to the contact end of the chamber and complete thecircuit.

As a further example, optical means of triggering the RFID componentinto alert mode may be utilized. One implementation uses anopto-interrupter, which consists of an integrated LED and photodiode. Asmall physical gap is left between the LED and photodiode so that ablade or shutter can interrupt the light going from the LED to thephotodiode, allowing the device to be used as a position sensor. Theopto-interrupter can be wired to a pin on the RFID component, and asmall blade can be fixed to the pushing element. When the RFID componentmoves such that the blade is in the opto-interrupter, the RFID componentis triggered into alerting mode.

In another example, a change in capacitance can be used to trigger theRFID component. A capacitor can have two isolated plates on the movingpart and one larger plate on the fixed part of the pusher assembly.Capacitance is measured between the two smaller plates. When the slidingpart is far from the larger fixed plate, there is only a smallcapacitance between the edges of the two small plates. When the slidingpart moves such that the bigger plate covers the two smaller ones, thecapacitance between these two plates increases significantly.Capacitance can be measured by a variety of means. One methodincorporates a large resistor in series with the two plates with thecommon point connected to a pin on the RFID component. The resistorvoltage is set from low to high, causing the capacitor to begin tocharge. At the same time a timer is started. When the pin connected tothe common point changes state, the timer is read. A high value on thiscounter indicates a high capacitance. Capacitance change can also beused to change the resonant frequency of a tuned circuit or oscillator,and this can be translated into detection of position.

As a further example, resistors can be used in the direct contact methoddescribed above to indicate several positions along the track. Resistorsof different values are connected to pairs of contacts in such a waythat as the moving part of the pusher is above them, the RFID componentsenses current flow through the resistor. The value of the resistor ismeasured, and the measured value can identify how far along the trackthe pushing element has moved.

As a further example, FIG. 14 depicts an infrared/ultrasonic sensorproduct display alert system. A pushing element 1402 pushes units ofproduct 1404 towards the front portion 1406 of a shelf as units of theproduct are removed from a pusher assembly. An infrared or ultrasonictransmitter 1408 transmits waves 1410 that are bounced off of areflector 1412 that is positioned at the back of the pushing element1402. A detector 1414 outputs a DC voltage proportional to the strengthof received infrared or ultrasonic waves 1416. The analog voltage issampled by an A/D converter, and a distance from the transmitter 1408 tothe reflector 1412 can be computed. The computed distance can betranslated into an amount of product remaining in the pusher assembly.An RFID component 1418 transmits a pusher assembly identification valuealong with a stock level to an inventory monitor engine.

FIG. 15 depicts an example infrared sensor product display alert system.A pushing element 1502 pushes product along a track 1504 that includes areflector 1506 for reflecting infrared waves transmitted by atransmitter/receiver 1508. Based on a strength of reflected signaldetected by the transmitter/receiver 1508, a distance between thetransmitter/receiver 1508 and the pushing element 1502 is calculated andan amount of product in the pusher assembly is derived. Alerts may beperiodically transmitted to inventory monitor engine, informing theengine of the amount of product remaining in the pusher assembly. Alertsmay also be sent when at alert points, such as when the pusher assemblyis half full and empty.

FIG. 16 depicts a close up view of an infrared sensor product displaytransmitter/receiver. Several different transmitters and receivers maybe utilized in an infrared sensor product display. In the example ofFIG. 16, a Sharp Electronics GP2D12 is used as the transmitter/receiver.

It should be understood that as used in the description herein andthroughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the”includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.Also, as used in the description herein and throughout the claims thatfollow, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the contextclearly dictates otherwise. Further, as used in the description hereinand throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “each” does notrequire “each and every” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.Finally, as used in the description herein and throughout the claimsthat follow, the meanings of “and” and “or” include both the conjunctiveand disjunctive and may be used interchangeably unless the contextexpressly dictates otherwise; the phrase “exclusive or” may be used toindicate situation where only the disjunctive meaning may apply.

This written description uses examples to disclose the invention,including the best mode, and also to enable a person skilled in the artto make and use the invention. The patentable scope of the invention mayinclude other examples that occur to those skilled in the art.

It is claimed:
 1. A low stock product display alert system, comprising:a pushing element configured to push one or more products toward a frontof a shelf as a unit of the product is removed from the shelf; an RFIDcomponent, wherein the RFID component is configured to be in a dormantstate when the pushing element is in a first position; a switchactivation element configured to activate the RFID component from anon-transmitting state by closing a circuit when the pushing element isin a second position, wherein when activated, the RFID component isconfigured to emit a signal indicating that the product display is inthe low stock state.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the RFIDcomponent is a battery-assisted RFID tag, wherein when the circuit isclosed the RFID component is activated by receiving battery power. 3.The system of claim 1, wherein the pushing element is configured to pushone or more products toward the front of the shelf along a track.
 3. Thesystem of claim 2, wherein the RFID component is affixed to the pushingelement, wherein the activation element is affixed to a front portion ofthe track.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the pushing element is inthe second position when the RFID component is aligned with theactivation element at the front portion of the track.
 5. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the RFID component is activated via a closed magneticreed switch, wherein the activation element is a magnet, wherein themagnetic reed switch is closed and the RFID component is activated whenthe RFID component is aligned with the magnet at a front portion of thetrack.
 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the RFID component is affixedto the front portion of the track, wherein the activation element isaffixed to the pushing element.
 7. The system of claim 1, furthercomprising a plurality of the RFID components, and an RFID reader, theplurality of RFID components configured to emit a low stock alert signalto be read by the same RFID reader, the low stock alert signal alsoidentifying the activated RFID component.
 8. The system of claim 7,wherein the plurality of RFID components are each associated with apushing element and the same RFID reader detects low stock alert signalsfrom the plurality of RFID components.
 9. The system of claim 8, furthercomprising a plurality of shelving units, wherein each of the pluralityof shelving units includes at least one of the plurality of RFIDcomponents and the associated pushing element.
 10. The system of claim9, wherein the RFID reader detects the low stock alert signals of allthe plurality of RFID components in a retail store.
 11. The system ofclaim 9, wherein the shelving units comprise metal.
 12. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the RFID component is responsive to multiple pushingelements, wherein the RFID component transmits an out-of-product signalthat identifies a particular one of the multiple pushing elements whenthe particular pushing element is in the second position.
 13. The systemof claim 1, wherein the pushing element is located within arefrigerator, and wherein the RFID component is located outside of therefrigerator, wherein the RFID component transmits an out-of-productsignal to an antenna located outside of the refrigerator when thepushing element is in the second position.
 14. The system of claim 1,wherein the pushing element is located within a refrigerator, andwherein the RFID component is located within the refrigerator, whereinthe RFID component transmits an out-of-product signal to an antenna whenthe pushing element is in the second position.
 15. A method of providinga product stock alert, comprising: receiving product in a pusherassembly, wherein the pusher assembly includes a pushing elementconfigured to push one or more products toward a front of a shelf alonga track as a unit of product is removed from the shelf; activating anRFID component when the pushing element is in an activate position,wherein when activated, the RFID component is configured to emit asignal indicating that the pusher assembly is out of product, andwherein the RFID component is inactive when the pusher assembly is in aninactive position; wherein the RFID component is activated from adormant, non-transmitting state, to an active, transmitting state;wherein the pushing element is in an activate position based on thelocation of the RFID component in relation to the activation element.16. The method of claim 15, wherein the activation element is a magnet.17. The method of claim 15, wherein a plurality of the RFID componentsemit a low stock alert signal to be read by a same RFID reader.
 18. Alow stock product display alert system, comprising: a plurality ofpushing elements configured to push one or more products toward a frontof a shelf as a unit of the product is removed from the shelf; aplurality of RFID components each configured to be in a dormant statewhen the pushing element is in a first position; an activation elementconfigured to activate the RFID component when the pushing element is ina second position, wherein when activated, the RFID component isconfigured to emit a low-stock signal; and an RFID reader; the RFIDreader configured to receive a low-stock alert signal from each of theplurality of RFID components when each of the plurality of RFIDcomponents are activated.
 19. The low stock alert system of claim 18,wherein at least one of the plurality of RFID components is responsiveto multiple pushing elements, wherein the RFID component transmits alow-stock signal that identifies a particular one of the multiplepushing elements when the particular pushing element is in the secondposition.
 20. The low stock alert system of claim 18, further comprisinga plurality of shelving units, wherein each of the plurality of shelvingunits includes at least one of the plurality of RFID components andassociated pushing elements.